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【土壤肥力名词解释】提升土壤肥力的种植方法

时间:2019-01-07 13:21:18 名词解释 投诉建议

  This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.这里是美国之声慢速英语农业报告。

  Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients. But researchers say a combination of farming methods may help.研究报告表明非洲农场通常严重缺乏肥力。但是研究者们称一些方法的组合可能有效。

  Since the world food crisis several years ago, researchers have directed more of their attention to small farms. Most farms in areas south of the Sahara Desert are only about one or two hectares. One of the goals is to increase production without necessarily clearing more land to grow additional crops. 自从几年前的世界粮食危机起,研究者们就已经直接把他们的注意力集中在小型农场。大多数的农场在撒哈拉沙漠的南边区域,且仅仅只有一至二公顷。目标之一就是提高产量但不开辟更多的田地来增加额外作物。

  American researchers say that can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perenniation. It mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants – those that return year after year.美国研究者们声称一种多年生农业系统能够使上述目标实现。这种系统让多年生植物和粮食作物混合种植。

  Soil scientist John Reganold is with Washington State University.土壤科学家约翰瑞噶罗德在华盛顿州立大学就职。

  JOHN REGANOLD: “One of the major problems (is that the) soils are fairly poor in most of the regions. So how do you grow food on poor soils? There have to be food production systems that can build the soil and improve the yield.”约翰瑞噶罗德:“主要问题之一在于大多数地域的土壤非常的贫瘠。所以你怎么在贫瘠的土壤上种植作物呢?必须建立能够培育土壤、提高产量的粮食生产系统。

  Mr. Reganold says poor soil may have resulted from years of weathering that washed away many nutrients. He says some farmers may have done more harm than good.瑞噶罗德先生说贫瘠的土壤可能是由于长年水土流失所导致的。他说一些农民的所作所为对土地害处要大于好处。

  JOHN REGANOLD: “They have been actually using farming practices where they’re not putting in organic matter. They’re not putting in fertilizers. They can’t afford those things. And it just runs the soil down. So they’re worsening the situation.”约翰瑞噶罗德说:“他们确实使用不放任何有机质的耕作方式。他们不施肥。他们付不起这些东西的价钱。所以只能让土壤肥力越来越弱。因此,他们让情况越来越糟。

  He estimates that up to two billion dollars worth of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium is lost from African soil each year.他估计每年价值超过二十亿美元的氮、磷、钾肥从非洲的土壤上流失。

  The scientist says the word perenniation defines three systems that are already used in Africa. The oldest of the three is called evergreen agriculture. This is where farmers plant trees with their crops. John Reganold says farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years, but it seems to be growing in popularity.科学家称多年生农业系统明确的三大系统已经在非洲被运用。三个系统中最早被运用的是常绿农业。这是一种农民将植物和他们的作物种植在一起的系统。约翰瑞噶罗德说非洲农民已经这样施行了六十年,但是这种似乎是越来越收到欢迎。

  The method is gaining widespread use in countries such as Niger, Burkina Faso, Malawi and Zambia. The trees are planted among maize, millet or sorghum crops. They not only add nitrogen to the soil through their roots, but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down. At other times of the year, the trees can protect plants from strong sunlight.这个方法在尼日尔、布基纳法索、马里和赞比亚这些国家得到了广泛的传播。树木种植在玉米、小米和高粱作物之间。他们不仅仅在通过在土地里增加氮肥来让作物的根部吸收,而且当作物的叶子凋落或者分解也能提供氮肥。在一年的其他任何时候,树木能够保护植物避免强日晒。

  John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perenniation.约翰瑞噶罗德说他知道有一位女性操作多年生农业系统非常成功。

  JOHN REGANOLD: “She’s a grandmother in her fifties. Her name is Rhoda Mang’yana and she started using this system about twenty years ago. And her yields initially were about a ton of maize. Now with a good year she gets four tons per hectare. Four times what she was getting.”约翰瑞噶罗德:“她是一位五十多岁的祖母。她的名字叫罗达玛亚拉,并且她在二十年前就开始使用这个生态系统。她的产量开始只有大约一顿玉米。现在在丰年,她能够每公顷收获四吨。四倍于她以前的收成。

  Mr. Reganold was one of three researchers who wrote a report about perenniation. It was published in the journal Nature.瑞噶罗德先生是三位编撰多年生农业系统报告的研究者之一。这份报告刊载在《自然》杂志上。

  And that’s the VOA Special English Agriculture Report. I’m Steve Ember.这里是美国之声慢速英语农业报告。我是史蒂夫安贝

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